Brain Disorders in Children

 

Brain Disorders in Children

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What causes developmental disorders of the brain in children?

 

Developmental brain injuries and disorders (DBD) present before birth or in early childhood. They can be caused by genetic factors or brain damage caused by environmental factors (eg, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, infections, physical brain injuries, or maternal drug addiction). DBD generally affects people throughout life, and symptoms range from high-functioning children and adults to classified as

 

DBD have learning disabilities, language and reading difficulties, concentration and attention problems, sensory disturbances, memory and memory problems, social situation problems, and emotional disturbances. It may show one or more symptoms, such as: process. Additional problems may include movement disorders such as epileptic seizures and cerebral palsy.

 

Some children born with DBD have defects in other organ systems as part of the syndrome. In many cases, such defects in other organ systems can be life-threatening, so the majority of clinical care is focused on treating these conditions. It is brain disorders that most commonly affect a person's quality of life when placed in Many people with DBD may have autism or suffer from social isolation and loneliness. They also have a higher incidence of mental health problems such as severe anxiety and depression. Other psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are now thought to be caused by changes in brain development. It is a complex multistep process that involves not only early pattern formation and cellular events. All aspects of development are regulated by the expression of multiple genes. In some cases, brain development is influenced during this process by either genetic mutations in one or more genes (inherited from parents) or de novo mutations in genes (changes in genes that are present in the family for the first time). may receive ) Environmental causes that become disturbed members or affect the environment and health of the mother in the womb. These include inadequate oxygen levels, bacterial or viral infections, and exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy that can lead to brain damage.

DBD may be detected during pregnancy by ultrasound or advanced imaging studies, but is more often diagnosed postnatally by brain MRI or behavioral assessment (measurement of developmental milestones). Unfortunately, imaging during pregnancy is currently of value to families and clinicians because it is difficult to fully understand brain pathology, predict long-term outcomes in children, or modify pregnancy outcomes. may be limited.

 

Each stage of brain development involves different developmental processes and different genes. Over 300 syndromes have been described as DBDs associated with changes in brain wiring. More than 50% of these have no known cause, but early diagnosis and intervention can greatly improve outcomes for children when they are detected.

 

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There is an urgent need to develop better diagnostic tools for DBDs. Accurate diagnosis provides a better understanding of the underlying causes and provides the means for accurate genetic testing, counseling, and ultimately developing effective treatments for DBD. Corpus Callosum

Language Development and Reading Difficulties

Epilepsy

Movement Disorders (Abnormal Movements or Delayed Motor Milestones)

Intellectual Delay

Learning Disabilities

Autism and ADHD It may also be associated with developmental disabilities.

 

Researchers in Professor Linda Richards' lab study how the brain connects during fetal development. This lab focuses on understanding the mechanisms that regulate formation of the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum. The corpus callosum connects the left and right sides of the brain and is involved in higher cognitive processes. These processes include sensory and motor information processing, language, emotion, memory formation and storage, and many other brain functions.

Developmental Disorders of the Brain Research at QBI

The QBI Institute investigates the basic mechanisms of brain development and how they are affected by disorders of brain development. DBD is a lifelong disorder, and through the latest advances in phenotyping, neuroimaging, cutting-edge genomic techniques, and advanced developmental neurobiology, further research on DBD will indeed improve the way children are diagnosed and treated. It leads to doing

 

QBI's research and international collaborations are making measurable improvements in the lives of children and adults with DBD, and their families and caregivers. Improving the participation of people with disabilities in our societies and workplaces Addressing lifelong disability can have a significant impact on society as a whole.

 

Researchers in Professor Linda Richards' lab have made some important discoveries.

 

For several years, laboratory workers have studied the role of a family of transcription factors known as the nuclear factor 1 gene family (Nf1) in cortical development. Until recently, little was known about how the Nf1 gene regulates these events at the molecular or genetic level. Recent studies have shown that Nf1a plays an important role in regulating hippocampal neuron proliferation and differentiation. This is done by turning off genes required for proliferation, such as Hes1, while simultaneously turning on genes required for differentiation, such as mature glial markers. This represents a conceptual advance in understanding that cells must first stop proliferating in order to differentiate.

 

In 2010, this group also published a landmark study on the discovery of the mouse commissural plate. Since the early 1990s, it has been hypothesized that there may be specialized regions of the brain that are important for the formation of all forebrain commissures (axonal pathways that connect the two sides of the brain). The group found that commissural plates are present in mice and consist of four distinct regions with defined boundaries both molecularly and genetically. This work helped determine whether disruption of the commissural plates in humans might underlie agenesis of the corpus callosum. It occurs in her 1 in 4,000 live births.