Angina pectoris (ischemic
chest pain):
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About the article:
What is angina?
What is angina pectoris (ischemic chest pain)?
What is Vasospasm?
What is angina?
Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by not getting enough blood to a part of the heart. The chest may feel tight and bruise, and may feel like a heart attack.
This is a symptom of heart disease and occurs when something blocks an artery
or when the arteries don't have enough blood flow to carry oxygen-rich blood to
the heart.
Angina usually resolves quickly. Still, it can be a sign of life-threatening heart
problems. It's important to know what's going on and what you can do to avoid a
heart attack. Medication and lifestyle changes can usually control angina. In
more severe cases, surgery may be required. Or you need something called a
stent, a small tube that supports an open artery.
There are several types of angina:
Stable
angina. This is the most common. Physical activity and stress can trigger it.
It usually lasts for a few minutes and disappears when you rest. This is not a
heart attack, but it could be a sign that you are probably having a heart
attack. If this happens to you, see your doctor.
Unstable
angina. You can drink this while resting or when you are not very active. The
pain is severe, long-lasting, and likely to recur. Seek immediate medical
attention as this could be a sign of a heart attack.
Micro-vascular
angina. With this type, there is chest pain but no coronary artery blockage.
Instead, it occurs because the small coronary arteries are not functioning
properly, preventing the heart from getting the blood it needs.
Prinzmetal
angina (atypical angina). This type is rare. It happens at night while you are
sleeping or resting. Heart arteries suddenly constrict or narrow. It can cause
a lot of pain and should be treated.
Symptoms of angina:
Chest pain
is a symptom, but it affects everyone differently. you may have:
Pain
Combustion
Mild pain
Dizzy
Malaise
Chest
fullness
Heaviness or
pressure
Upset
stomach or vomiting
Difficulty
breathing
Push
Sweat
Pain and
burning can be confused with heartburn and gas. The pain is probably behind the
sternum and can spread to the shoulder, arm, neck, throat, jaw, or back.
Stable
angina gets better with rest. Unstable angina is not and can get worse. This is
an emergency that requires immediate medical attention.
Female angina vs. male:
Men often
experience pain in their chest, neck, and shoulders. Women may experience
discomfort in their abdomen, neck, jaw, throat, or back. Shortness of breath,
sweating, or dizziness may also occur.
One study
found that women were more likely to use the words "squeeze" or
"squeeze" to express their emotions.
Causes of angina:
Angina is
usually caused by heart disease. A fatty substance called plaque builds up in
the arteries and blocks blood flow to the heart muscle. This allows the heart
to work with less oxygen. that causes pain. It can also cause blood clots in
the arteries of the heart, which can lead to heart attacks.
Blockage of
the pulmonary aorta (pulmonary embolism)
Narrowing of
the valves in the main part of the heart (aortic stenosis)
swelling of
the sac around the heart (pericarditis)
Tearing in
the wall of the aorta, the largest artery in the body (aortic dissection)
Risk factors for angina pectoris:
Several
things about you and your lifestyle can increase your risk of angina.
Older age
Family
history of heart disease
High blood
pressure
High
cholesterol
Diabetes
mellitus
Obesity
Emphasis
Tobacco use
Not getting
enough exercise
Diagnosis of
angina
Doctors do a
physical examination and ask about symptoms, risk factors, and family history.
You may need to run tests such as:
Electro-cardiogram:
This test
measures the heart's electrical activity and rhythm.
Stress test:
This checks how your heart is working during
exercise. Blood test. Doctors look for a protein called troponin. Many of them
are released when the heart muscle is damaged, like in a heart attack. Your
doctor may also perform more general tests such as a metabolic panel or a
complete blood count (CBC).
Imaging test
A chest x-ray can rule out other factors that
may be causing chest pain, such as: B. Lung disease. Echocardiograms, CT and
MRI scans can produce images of the heart that help doctors diagnose problems.
Cardiac catheter:
Doctors
insert a long, thin tube through an artery in the leg and up to the heart to
check blood flow and pressure.
Coronary angiography:
Your doctor
will inject a dye into your heart's blood vessels. The pigment will show up on
her x-rays, creating an image of the blood vessels. This procedure can be
performed during cardiac catheterization.
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Angina Questions for Your Doctor:
Need more
testing?
how does it
make me feel
What can you
do to prevent heart attacks?
Are there
any actions that you must not do?
Will dietary
changes help?
Treatment:
Treatment
depends on the degree of damage to the heart. Medications and lifestyle changes
often improve blood flow and control symptoms in people with mild angina.
Dosage:
Beta-blockers
slow down your heart so it doesn't have to work as hard
anticoagulant
or antiplatelet drugs to prevent blood clots
Statins to
Lower Cholesterol and Stabilize Plaque
Heart surgery:
If
medication is inadequate, blocked arteries may need to be opened through
medical intervention or surgery. It looks like this:
Angioplasty/stenting.
Doctors insert a small tube containing a balloon through a blood vessel to the
heart. The narrowed artery is then inflated to widen the balloon and restore
blood flow. A small tube called a stent can be inserted into the artery to keep
it open. Stents are permanent and usually made of metal. They can also be made
from materials that are absorbed by the body over time. Some stents also
contain a drug that prevents the artery from re-occluding.
Usually this
procedure takes him no more than two hours. You will likely be hospitalized
overnight.
A surgeon
takes healthy arteries or veins from another part of the body and uses them to
bypass blocked or narrowed vessels.
After that,
you can expect to stay in the hospital for about a week. In the ICU she will
stay a day or two while nurses and doctors monitor her heart rate, blood
pressure and oxygen levels. After that, move to a normal room to recover.
Enhanced
extracorporeal counterpulsation (EECP) may be an option for relieving angina.
Your doctor may recommend it if other treatments don't work or aren't right for
you. EECP uses multiple blood pressure cuffs on each leg to gently but firmly
compress blood vessels to increase blood flow to the heart. Each wave is tuned
to your heartbeat. More blood flows there when you are relaxed.
The pressure
is quickly released when the heart starts beating again. This makes it easier
for blood to be pumped. Helps blood vessels create a natural bypass around
narrowed or blocked arteries that cause chest pain. It helps open the small
blood vessels of the heart. It can improve blood flow to the heart muscle and relieve
chest pain.
You may have EECP if:
Do you have
chronic, steady chest pain?
Nitrates,
calcium channel blockers and beta blockers do not help
Invasive
procedures such as bypass surgery, angioplasty, and stenting are not for you.
EECP is
non-invasive. If EECP treatment is approved, you will receive 35 hours of
treatment. Administer 1-2 hours per day, 5 days per week for 7 weeks. Studies
have shown benefits such as less need for antianginal drugs, fewer symptoms,
and the ability to be more active without symptoms.
Lifestyle change:
You can
still be active, but it's important to listen to your body. If you feel pain,
stop what you're doing and rest. Know what triggers angina, such as stress and
strenuous exercise. Try to avoid anything that tends to cause it. For example,
if large meals are causing problems, eat smaller meals more often. If you still
have pain, see your doctor for more tests or change your medication. Angina
pectoris can be a sign of something dangerous, so it's important to get tested.
These lifestyle tips can help protect your heart:
If you
smoke, quit. It can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart
disease.
Eat a
heart-healthy diet to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. If
these are outside the normal range, the risk of heart disease may be increased.
Eat mainly fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fish, lean meats, and fat-free
or low-fat dairy products. Limit salt, fat and sugar. Relax with stress relief
techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and yoga.
Exercise
most days of the week.
See your doctor regularly:
If you have
new or unusual chest pain and think you might be having a heart attack, call
911 right away. Prompt treatment is very important. It can protect you from
further harm.
Outlook for angina:
Angina
pectoris increases the risk of heart attack. But it is treatable. Take it as a
warning sign and make healthy choices.
Talk to others who have it. This will make you feel better.
Your family may also need support in understanding your angina. They will want to
know what you can do to help them.
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