Description of congenital
heart disease:
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On the article:
Cause
Type
Symptoms
Diagnose
Process
When to call
a doctor
Grow up with
a congenital heart defect
"Congenital heart disease" is another way of saying that a
person has a problem with the heart at birth. You have a small hole in your
heart or something more serious. These conditions can be serious, but many can
be treated with surgery.
In some
cases, doctors can identify these problems even before the baby is born. If you
or your baby has a congenital heart defect, there may be no or no symptoms
until adulthood.
Doctors
don't always know why babies have congenital heart defects. They tend to run in families and
are more likely to have congenital heart disease if they have problems with a
parent or relative. Other factors that increase the likelihood of these defects
include:
Genetic or chromosomal problems in the child such as B. Down
syndrome. Certain genetic changes can increase your chances of having the
defect in your baby by up to 50%.All can lead to congenital heart disease and
other problems in the baby's development. Avoid if you are pregnant.
Certain drugs. Some drugs can increase the chances of heart and other birth
defects if women take them during pregnancy. These include the acne drug
isotretinoin and antiepileptic drugs containing valproic acid. If you are
pregnant, your doctor may be able to switch you to another drug until your baby
is born.
Viral infections such as rubella (German measles) in early pregnancy. If a
woman catches rubella during pregnancy, it can cause heart problems in the
baby. If you are pregnant and have not been vaccinated, or if you are unsure,
consult your doctor. If you need a rubella vaccination, avoid becoming pregnant
for at least one month after vaccination.
Diabetes mellitus. Maternal diabetes can affect the baby's heart formation and
growth. Gestational diabetes that develops during pregnancy should not increase
the chance that the baby will develop heart defects.
Most
congenital heart problems are structural problems such as cavities or leaky
valves.
It may be too tight or completely closed. This makes it difficult for blood to
pass through. Sometimes it doesn't work. Also, the valve may not close properly
and blood may flow backwards.
The problem of the "wall" of the heart. It may be between the chambers of
your heart (atrium and ventricle).A hole or passageway between the left and
right sides of the heart can allow blood to mix, but it shouldn't be.
Myocardial problems. This means that the heart can no longer pump as efficiently
as it should. These defects deprive the blood of oxygen and can lead to organ
failure. There is a nature.
Difficulty
breathing
Exercises
Bluish
discoloration of the skin, nails, and lips (cyanosis, a condition caused by a
lack of oxygenated blood)
Rapid
breathing and low food intake
Bad weight
gain
Lung
infection
Can't train
Diagnose
Prenatal
A doctor can
detect some problems during pregnancy.
Your doctor may be able to identify defects before yourbaby is born, including:
Fetal echocardiogram. This test uses images made with ultrasound to show how the
heart is working. This allows doctors to see if there is a problem with the
heart valves or structures.
Genetic testing. A geneticist will take a small blood sample before or during
pregnancy. This is important because if you or a family member has the
disorder, your child may be up to 50% more likely to have the disorder.
Other
problems are seen in infants and children. Doctors listen to the heartbeat of
children to check their health. If you hear unusual sounds or heart murmurs,
other tests may be ordered, including:
Echocardiogram. Almost any type of congenital heart disease can be detected
and usually he takes less than an hour. There are different types of
echocardiography, so talk to your doctor about it.
It measures
the electrical
activity of the heart.
This test can diagnose arrhythmias, called arrhythmias, and find areas of the
heart that are too big or overworked.
Chest x-ray. X-rays can show doctors signs of an enlarged or abnormally shaped
heart, and signs of heart failure such as: B. Lung fluid.
MRI and CT scan. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are her
two other types of imaging tests that can provide detailed images of the heart.
Pulse Oximeter. It uses a finger sensor to measure the oxygen content in your
child's blood. Too little display may indicate a heart problem.
Cardiac catheter. If any previous tests show your child has a congenital heart
defect, your doctor may recommend cardiac catheterization. A doctor inserts a
very thin, flexible tube (called a catheter) into the heart through a blood
vessel in the arm or leg. Inject dye through the catheter and use X-ray video
to look inside the heart.
Some people
with congenital heart defects do not realize they have a problem until later in
life. Doctors may discover problems or notice symptoms during routine
check-ups. It may also be discovered by a doctor after undergoing a heart test,
such as an echocardiogram.
Process:
If you or a
loved one has a congenital heart defect, it is more likely than ever to be
cured. For some people, treatment may require many surgeries and other
procedures. For others, it only takes one.
Some
children and adults may need to take medication for the rest of their lives.
You may also need to see a heart specialist, called a cardiologist, on a
regular basis.
Dosage:
Birth
defects can stress the heart and make it harder to work. To keep your heart
from weakening with this extra work, your doctor may try to put you on
medication. They aim to soften the heart muscle. If you have any heart disease,
you should control your blood pressure. Some common drugs that lower blood
pressure can also slow your heart rate and reduce fluid retention in the body.
ARB and ACE
inhibitors. These are two common types of drugs that lower blood pressure. It
relaxes blood vessels and makes it easier for the heart to pump blood. beta
blocker. These drugs slow the heart rate and help widen the arteries. Examples
of doctor-prescribed beta-blockers include atenolol (tenormin), carvedilol
(coreleg CR), and metoprolol (lopressor).
Diuretic:
Low blood
volume can lower blood pressure.
Drugs may be
sufficient to treat mild cases and may be used when surgery is not appropriate.
Otherwise, doctors have much more to do.
Thanks to
new technology, doctors have easier and better ways to correct these defects.
Depending on the problem, the baby may have surgery or catheterization within
hours of birth. In some cases, it can occur days or months later.
Multiple
surgeries may be required as the baby grows. For example, as the heart grows,
the replacement valve will need to be replaced. Your doctor can tell you what
he needs and when.
He has two
main options for the treatment of congenital heart disease. Use a catheter that
does not require opening the chest.
More and
more doctors are able to repair the heart with a catheter. These procedures,
known as cardiac catheterizations, are used for two major heart repairs.
To plug a
hole or open a narrowed valve or artery.
For example,
a doctor can repair a hole in the wall that separates the left and right sides
of the heart. Using a catheter, doctors can place a small umbrella-shaped patch
over the hole. A tissue is formed over the cover to hold the walls together.
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Doctors can also widen narrowed arteries and hard valves. It can also be used
to block blood vessels or patch holes if they are transporting blood in the
wrong direction. A small balloon can also be used to make a catheter and guide
it to a malfunctioning valve or artery.
Doctors may inflate a balloon to widen the valve or artery. This will improve
blood flow. When done on the valve, it is called valvuloplasty. When done in an
artery, it is called angioplasty.
Catheterization alone does not solve all problems. Some need medication, and
children may need surgery when they are a little older. But these procedures,
with continued care over the next few months and years, can improve blood flow
and keep your baby healthy.
Open heart surgery:
In some
cases, your doctor may tell you that you or your baby will need open-heart
surgery. This operation requires the doctor to make an incision through the
sternum in order to operate directly on the heart. Defects that can be treated
with open heart surgery include holes in the heart, valve problems, and narrow
arteries.
Because the
heart grows in size with its owner, some people may need more surgery or other
interventions years later. I never wake up or feel pain.
Restoration:
After your
procedure or surgery, your baby will be taken to the neonatal intensive care unit
(NICU). The amount of time your child spends there depends on the treatment and
recovery process. Once your doctor says it's okay to take your baby home,
you'll be given lots of instructions about home care, follow-up appointments,
and what to do if you have questions or concerns.
Adult
patients come to a standard intensive care unit (ICU). Assuming his recovery is
going well, he will be moved to a so-called step-down room before being sent
home.
A few days after open-heart surgery, you may feel pain.
The doctor should explain the medicines and how to care for the affected area
after surgery. You should also ask how to check for signs of infection or other
problems and when to call your doctor.
Because
catheters require only a small incision in the leg, recovery is much easier and
faster than open-heart surgery.
A follow-up appointment is important for both procedures. Please feel free to ask
any questions, such as how to bathe your child after heart surgery or what kind
of care they will need in the future.
Other considerations:
The time it
takes a doctor to perform these procedures varies. Don't worry if it takes
hours. You can inquire about the required time in advance, but please remember
that this is only a guideline.
Babies with
congenital heart disease often tire more quickly than other children their age,
even after successful surgery. This can happen when they eat and can result in
slow growth for some time. Talk to your doctor or nurse about changing your
baby's feeding schedule. They may be a little slower in reaching their initial
height, weight, falls, and sitting milestones.
This is of
course an anxious time, so ask family and friends for support. Ask the doctor
or nurse caring for your baby questions. More information is often more secure.
When to call a doctor:
Not all
symptoms of congenital heart disease require medical attention. For example,
your doctor may have detected a heart murmur while listening to your baby's
heartbeat. Some heart defects can cause heart murmurs, which are basically
extra sounds during the heartbeat.
However, not
all heart murmurs are symptoms of heart defects. In fact, it is common even in
healthy children. However, if your baby's doctor notices something, he or she
may refer you to a pediatric cardiologist or pediatric cardiologist.
However,
other symptoms may mean it's time to see a doctor.
Blue skin or cyanosis; Your baby's skin may have a bluish tinge, especially around
the mouth and fingers. It occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood out of
the lungs to supply oxygen to the rest of the body. Watch for signs of cyanosis
when crying or eating. And call your doctor as soon as they appear.
Poor circulation. If your baby gets tired easily and isn't growing at a normal
pace for his age, he may have poor blood circulation. Your doctor can confirm
this. This is also true for older children who get tired quickly from daily
play. Call your pediatrician if you notice any of these symptoms.
Difficulty breathing. Shortness of breath in healthy children is not normal. Call
your doctor if your baby moans when breathing or has difficulty holding your
breath when feeding.
Inflammation. If you notice swelling around your baby's legs, abdomen, or
eyes, see your doctor. These are serious signs of heart defects or heart
failure.
Heart defect. Heart failure is very serious and can often be treated. If
you notice any of these signs of heart failure, call your doctor right away.
Fluid
accumulation
Malaise
Difficulty
breathing
Swelling of
the abdomen or legs
Chest pain. Call 911 if your baby has chest pain or sudden cardiac arrest (irregular
heart rhythm, loss of consciousness or unresponsiveness). Tell the emergency
services that you have a congenital heart defect.
Talk to your
doctor about anything else you should be aware of. With this knowledge, you can
have peace of mind that your child is doing well.
Grow up with a congenital heart defect:
There are many questions and concerns when your child has a congenital heart defect.
But remember that many children grow up with these conditions and live long and
healthy lives.
Having a congenital heart defect makes your child
more likely to develop other heart disorders later. Therefore, regular visits
to a pediatrician or pediatric cardiologist are important as part of treatment.
Some congenital heart defects do not require treatment until adulthood. For
example, bicuspid aortic valve disease occurs when a newborn has two cusps
instead of three. The symptoms are rare, but if the patient is in his 40s, 50s,
or even his 60s, the valve may need repair or replacement by a doctor.
Your child has an increased risk of heart disease. You are more
likely to get a heart infection called infective endocarditis. It can also be
an irregular heartbeat, called arrhythmia, or heart failure. Your child may be
able to participate in sports and physical activities. These are probably still
possible, but with some limitations. Talk to your child's doctor about what
activities are safe and what precautions to take. For example, they can advise
against contact sports. Be aware of the following signs that your child is
overdoing it. Examples: shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, long recovery
time from play.
Serious
heart defects that keep you vigilant can slow your child's growth. Babies may
even get tired while breastfeeding and eat less than a healthy
child. As a
result, they may be smaller than their friends. This is normal, but they have
to "catch up" by the time they reach adulthood. endocarditis
People with
congenital heart defects are more likely to develop inflammation of the lining
of the heart (called endocarditis), especially if the heart has been repaired
or replaced by surgery.
Tell all
doctors and dentists that you have a congenital heart defect. We recommend that
you carry a card with this information.
Call your
doctor if you have symptoms of an infection (sore throat, body aches, fever).
Take good
care of your teeth and gums to prevent infection.
If
recommended by your doctor, take antibiotics before doing any medical procedure
that can cause bleeding, such as dental procedures and most surgeries.See your
doctor for the type and amount of antibiotics you should take. Please consult.
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