Metabolic syndrome ; relationship
to cardiovascular disease:
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that
occur together and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, and other chronic conditions. It is characterized by a combination of
at least three of the following medical conditions:
Abdominal obesity: excess fat in the abdominal area,
indicated by a waist circumference of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or
more in women.
High blood pressure: a systolic blood pressure of
130 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 85 mmHg or higher.
High blood sugar: a fasting blood glucose level of
100 mg/dL or higher.
High triglycerides: a blood triglyceride level of
150 mg/dL or higher.
Low HDL cholesterol: a blood HDL cholesterol level of less
than 40 mg/dL in men and less than 50 mg/dL in women.
The exact cause of metabolic syndrome is not
known, but it is believed to be related to insulin resistance, which means the
body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to high blood sugar
levels.
Metabolic syndrome is strongly linked to an
increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause
of death worldwide. People with metabolic syndrome have an approximately
twofold increase in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to
those without metabolic syndrome. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease
is also higher in people with metabolic syndrome who have a history of smoking,
a family history of cardiovascular disease, or who are older.
The link between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular
disease is likely due to
the fact that the various components of metabolic syndrome, including
high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and high triglycerides, can all
contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of
plaque in the arteries. Atherosclerosis can lead to heart attack, stroke, and
other cardiovascular complications.
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